With the rapid development of AI technology, the demands for computing centers and data centers have grown significantly. GPUs consume far higher currents and power compared to ordinary servers. Therefore, power distribution within server rooms is critical, with cabinet-end power supply being the final and most crucial link. Servers, switches, and other equipment directly draw power from cabinets, making the Power Distribution Unit (PDU) the core component of cabinet power distribution.
While PDUs are standard equipment in cabinets, each project has unique requirements, leading to challenges in selection. The key is to design a tailored power distribution solution based on project needs, addressing the following five critical aspects:
First, calculate the total power consumption of all devices in each cabinet. The maximum power demand must be identified, and 30% additional capacity must be reserved to ensure the PDU’s output power meets this minimum requirement.
Beyond power capacity, the number and types of sockets must align with device requirements. Global standards include IEC, NEMA, BS, among over ten types. These standards are incompatible, and voltage/current differences can render incorrect selections unusable. Common sockets include:
IEC 320 C13 (10A)
IEC 320 C19 (16A)
BS 1363 (13A)
NEMA 5-15R (15A)
NEMA 5-20R (20A)
PDU connector and cable selection is critical and involves two components:
Connectors/Plugs: Options include IEC, NEMA, and BS standards.
Cables: Gauge and length depend on PDU power requirements. Below is a reference table for cable specifications:
Cable Gauge (mm²) | Safe Current (A) | Single-Phase Power (kW) | Three-Phase Power (kW) |
1.5 | 10 | 2.5 | 4.0 |
2.5 | 16 | 4.0 | 6.0 |
4.0 | 25 | 5.5 | 10.0 |
6.0 | 32 | 7.0 | 12.0 |
10.0 | 50 | 11.0 | 20.0 |
16.0 | 63 | 15.0 | 24.0 |
Power Supply Methods:
1. Standard Plug and Cable: Draws power from nearby sockets at the cabinet base (suitable for ≤4kW).
2. Industrial Connectors: Customized cables and connectors (e.g., 16A/32A) for mid-range power (4kW–8kW).
3. Terminal Block Installation: Direct wiring between the PDU and distribution cabinet (no intermediate connectors, ideal for high-reliability scenarios).
PDUs are fully customizable. KILOAMP’s PDUs offer four core functionalities:
Display Features:
Status LEDs for input/output.
Local voltage/current displays for real-time monitoring.
Protection Features:
Overload, lightning surge (up to 10kA/10kV), and leakage protection.
Provides cabinet-level power protection for server rooms.
Control Features:
Local switches for master and output circuits.
Ensures safe maintenance and equipment replacement.
Management Features:
Remote monitoring of current, voltage, energy consumption, and environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, door access).
Supports RS485/IP/SNMP interfaces for integration with DCIM systems.
PDUs are installed in two ways:
Horizontal Installation: Suitable for ≤8 ports (occupies 1U of rack space).
Vertical Installation: Preferred for >8 ports (minimizes rack space usage).
KILOAMP’s design software calculates PDU length based on module count and functionality, enabling optimal installation planning.
A well-designed PDU solution ensures reliable power distribution in data centers, accommodating high-power GPUs and diverse device requirements. By tailoring PDUs to project-specific needs—power capacity, socket standards, cable specifications, functional features, and installation methods—data centers can achieve efficient, safe, and scalable operations.
Note: Collaborate with professionals to assess site-specific requirements (e.g., voltage, space, environmental conditions) for optimal PDU selection.
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